I thought after writing about Russia the largest country in the world, I would write about the smallest country.

The smallest country in the world by both area and population is Vatican City. It is an independent city-state located within Rome, Italy, and serves as the spiritual and administrative centre of the Roman Catholic Church. Its area is just 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 square miles). 

Vatican City, a city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy, is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. It’s home to the Pope and a trove of iconic art and architecture. Its Vatican Museums house ancient Roman sculptures such as the famed “Laocoön and His Sons” as well as Renaissance frescoes in the Raphael Rooms and the Sistine Chapel, famous for Michelangelo’s ceiling.

The entire population of Vatican City is only around 800 people. Every citizen who resides in the city is Roman Catholic and is considered to be influential or significant in some way within Catholicism.

The flag of Vatican City is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the emblem of the Holy See (a papal tiara and crossed keys of Saint Peter) centred on the white half. The yellow symbolizes spiritual power, while the white represents temporal power. The keys represent the Pope’s authority, and the tiara symbolizes the Pope’s threefold power. 

It was adopted in 1929; the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy creating the new independent state of Vatican City.

The Vatican City passport is a passport issued by the Holy See (the governing body of the Vatican) or by the Vatican City State. It’s ranked among the most powerful passports globally, granting holders visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a large number of countries. The Vatican issues both diplomatic and service passports, while the Vatican City State issues ordinary passports for its citizens.

The euro is the official currency of the Vatican City, although Vatican City is not a member of the Eurozone or the European Union. The euro has been the official currency of Vatican City since 2002.

The coat of arms of Vatican City is the coat of arms used by Vatican City, which was originally adopted by the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State on 7 June 1929. This coat of arms is defined by law as having the silver key in bend and the gold key in bend sinister.